| Home Forums Library Media Gallery Glossary Links |
From Colin Magee:
One of the issues that has interested me the most is the nature of impossibility particularly in the realm of science and philosophy. For the most part phenomena deemed "Fortean" in nature are swept under the rug by consensus science. Although there are a few intrepid individuals who are not afraid to step into the deep end of the pool, I think most people would agree with this assertion. Many of the phenomena associated with the use of psychedelic drugs from the literature I have read could be deemed "Fortean" in nature(if we use the term broadly enough).For example many users of psychedelic drugs such as DMT and LSD report contact with extraterrestrial entities, travel in universes with altered physical laws, and other things along these lines. Of course the normal reaction to reports such as these is that it is a "hallucination" or all "in the head".It may very well be "hallucination" but then again it could be something else. In order to examine the data critically we might need a new theoretical understanding of consciousness, physics, and other fields. I think the best approach at this time is open mindedness tempered with a healthy degree of skepticism.
The difficulty as I see it when dealing with things like this is having an appropriate balance between the two - which isn't always easy to discern even with the most skilled investigators. Maybe with some phenomena we have a conceptual straitjacket and that prevents us from investigating with an open mind. To a certain extent I have a childlike quality in dealing with these issues. Children it appears have a degree of open-mindedness which seems lacking in many adults. I was joking around with a dear friend of mine who I work with-I told her that I think my mind has been "ruined" from reading too much philosophy and science fiction. I believe that science fiction writers have this childlike quality that I feel is necessary to deal with fringe science issues.
It's been known that many great artists suffer from mental illness. I'm very interested in how this relates to the creative process - could it be that a certain degree of "controlled craziness" is a prerequisite for the artist and other creative types to perceive the world in ways that the average person does not? I wonder how this also applies to scientists working in areas outside the mainstream. When proposing ideas that are outside consensus thinking how does one integrate the so called "crazy" aspects of a new theory with our current theoretical knowledge and how does one integrate it into a logically consistent whole? Does rationality have its limits when it comes to devising new theories and hypotheses? Are there in fact some cases where it might be irrational to rely strictly on rationality in pursuing the objectives of science?
The philosopher of science Paul Feyerabend has a couple of quotes which I think people should heed when examining alternative ideas and theories: "There is no idea, however ancient and absurd, that is not capable of improving our knowledge" and "No idea is ever examined in all its ramifications and no view is ever given all the chances it deserves." Feyerabend mentions Voodoo as an example and has the following to say: "Nobody knows it, everybody uses it as a paradigm of backwardness and confusion. And yet Voodoo has a firm though still not sufficiently understood material basis, and a study of its manifestations can be used to enrich, and perhaps even revise, our current knowledge of physiology."
In the book "Simulations of God: The Science of Belief", JohnLilly has the following things to say which I feel every aspiring scientist should take note of: "To get beyond his belief, his simulations, his model of God, one must in these states of consciousness open himself to the unexpected, the surprising, the unbelievable.If one remains open-ended he is sure that in the vast areas of his own ignorance there are, there will be surprises" and "Science,as far as I am concerned, is an open-ended system, a system of exploration,of processing data which makes sense,a logical system.And yet,in the future it may include regions which today we call illogical, Irrational, psychotic, superstitious, occult, esoteric, religious, or what have you. The new frontiers, as we see them as frontiers, are developing in the inner sciences as well as in the other sciences." I suppose there will always be a few timid souls who are afraid of being trapped in the ontological quicksand. However, in order for science and any other endeavor to progress it must not be afraid to go out on an intellectual limb. It requires individuals with the appropriate balance of humor, open-mindedness, courage, and skepticism.
There's a very distinct possibility that due to our cognitive limitations we may never have a full understanding of some of the phenomena I've been discussing. The participatory universe theory developed by physicist John Archibald Wheeler I believe is particularly relevant here. The answers we get with regard to what we perceive as the nature of the universe depend on the questions we ask. Different organisms with different cognitive architectures will ask different questions regarding the nature of the universe and will perceive the universe differently. The technology we use to observe the universe is a product of our intelligence and this technology determines what we can and cannot observe about the universe-how will the technology of organisms with different senses and cognition develop? How will this in turn effect what they conceive to be the nature of the universe? If there are infinite universes are there infinite levels of reality and infinite ways to perceive these realities?
Perhaps there are advanced entities who create realities like an artist creating art-each artwork more significant and richer than the next. In the future advanced entities could create universes with different physical laws and tinker with different permutations of these laws like a child plays with toys-in addition to computer hacking there could be "universe hacking". And in addition to electrical, chemical, and other engineering fields we would have something I'd like to call "ontology engineering" Thoughts like these keep things in perspective when examining what humans consider exotic phenomena. The artist, the scientist, the mystic, even so called crackpots each have something valid to say within certain contexts in the great quest to understand the grand mysteries of the cosmos.
In many people there seems to be a psychological barrier when it comes to considering and evaluating ideas the majority of people feel "outlandish". Of course to a certain degree this is warranted-after all there is a lot of "snake oil" being peddled out there. Like the old saying goes it's good to be open minded but not so open that your brain falls out, and like David Hume says-"Extraordinary claims demand extraordinary proof". There also seems to be psychological barriers in the same individual when it comes to evaluating anomalous phenomena-a "weirdness quotient" or "bizarre idea threshold" if you will. For instance a friend of mine believes in the possibility of levitation yet does not believe in the possibility of shapeshifting. Of course given the idiosyncracies of human beings it's not surprising that some ideas are palatable to certain individuals whereas others are not. Speaking personally I have a penchant for the bizarre whether it be psychological phenomena, physical phenomena, music, art, etc. I admit while this helps to a large extent when investigating unusual phenomena it also has serious limitations which must be considered very carefully. A good example of this is Fox Mulder from The X-Files who has a poster which states "I Want to Believe". This will to believe can be just as detrimental (if not balanced with a healthy dose of skepticism) as the hardcore skeptic who is completely close minded. Belief in my opinion is not an all or nothing affair, but rather there is a continuum of plausibility. I prefer multivalued logic such as "True", "False", or "Indeterminate" or as Dr. David Finkelstein says-"In addition to a yes or no the universe contains a maybe".
Fuzzy Logic is also a very useful tool in evaluating theories and evidence. In evaluating claims such as spoonbending or levitation one could say the following: "Given the evidence obtained so far it would appear at this time that there's an 80% probability that spoonbending and levitation are real"(or not real) In the future as we refine our epistemology and philosophy of science, this in turn could bring issues into focus that we haven't considered before when investigating unusual phenomenon. There's also the possibility that our investigations of paranormal and other anomalous phenomena might be a bit premature. It could be the case that before investigating these phenomena we need drastic revisions of our concepts of space, time, matter, cause and effect, physical laws, consciousness-these are just a few of the concepts that might need changing. Not to mention the difficulty of isolating all the relevant variables involved in conducting experiments (is it possible that all relevant variables might not able to be isolated?) I've read a little of David Bohm's "Wholeness and the Implicate Order" and was wondering if some of the ideas expressed in the book might shed some light on mystical, psychedelic, and paranormal phenomenon.
One of the cornerstones of the scientific method is the falsifiability of hypothesis which is discussed at great length in philosopher of science Karl Popper's books. In the example above regarding psychedelic drugs and "contacts" with extraterrestrial entities what type of experiment could be designed to test the hypothesis that these entities actually exist outside the person's own imagination? Dr. Stanislav Grof seems to be skeptical about the idea that these entities actually exist outside the mind as does Dr. John Lilly.I like the way Dr.Lilly approaches the phenomena. For instance he uses the terms "true", "false", "as if true",and "as if false". Those last terms I think are particularly relevant when investigating psychedelic phenomena. It could be that certain phenomena and beliefs within our current conceptual landscape appear "as if true" and "as if false". Only when further experiments have been conducted (and if necessary revision of hypotheses) can we determine whether the belief in question is "true " or "false". Until then it is premature to be dogmatic about our assertions regarding the nature of reality. It could very well be that some natural phenomena are not amenable to investigation by the scientific method (at least at this stage or perhaps never).
Like any tool the scientific method has its limits. For instance emotions, intuitions, dreams, and the feeling one gets from reading great poetry, listening to a symphony, looking at great art or the tender kiss of a lover are just as valid (some people might say more valid) then empirical evidence. It could also be that the scientific method or certain aspects of the scientific method need to be revised. When investigating paranormal, mystical, psychedelic, and other unusual phenomena we may have to undergo a conceptual revolution similar in scope to quantum physics. In the history of science there have been great upheavals as our conceptions of nature and reality have changed. A paradigm shift of great proportions will be needed to examine these phenomena in an objective manner.
As far as the potential of the mind I think John Lilly put it most eloquently: "In the province of the mind, what one believes to be true is true or becomes true, within certain limits to be found experientially and experimentally. These limits are further beliefs to be transcended. In the mind, there are no limits."
Posted by LVX23 at April 25, 2005 03:24 PMThanks for posting this... even if it is only preaching to the choir :)
Posted by: sauceruney at April 25, 2005 04:37 PMIndeed, the irony of calling a theory uncredible without open mindedly looking at the facts that make up the theory, is like saying your own judgement on the uncredibility of a theory is baseless and therefore uncredible (based on your own judgement techniques).
Skepticism of Blind Skepticism
Open Minded Skepticism
I think it's this sort of thing that Robert Anton Wilson discusses in "The New Inquisition"--how certain scientists seem to have become as dogmatic in their skepticism as religious fundies are in their "faith".
It does take a widened realty-tunnel to confront certain circumstances, especially those in psychedelic states of mind and not become completely dogmatic about what you've experienced. "Open Minded Skepticism", as Francis Scully noted, is a good way of putting it.
Posted by: Sly Stoner at April 26, 2005 12:21 PMThe cry for openmindedness....
I am a scientist and I am openmided. That is I will entertain any idea, but I will do so incredulously.
"It may very well be 'hallucination' but then again it could be something else"
I agree, but that goes without saying. Anything we know can be something else, i'm not sure where this takes us. I am uncertain about what sort of openmindedness is required. I know the limitations of science because by definition it is a materialistic epistemology, therefore lacks efficacy if taken out of this framework and applied else where. It therefore is clearlly not universal or ahistorical. Science changes with time and the paradigm shifts which occur can not be predicted, but do seem appropriate post hoc.
mystic's I ask, what do you want from me?
Posted by: biogadfly at April 27, 2005 01:33 AMBiogadfly,
For me this is a somewhat personal issue. I love science. I got my BS in physics, have taught higher level math, yada, yada.. I also use sciene whenever I can to describe something.
What do I want from the materialists? Here's what:
1) To stop bashing us mystics.
2) To, like you, recognize that science, because it is a materialistic epistimology, is therefore LIMITED.
Anything beyond that is cream on the pudding.
I believe that the scientific paradigm does have certain uses within inner space. Having a scientific mindset is a powerful thing when investing the deepest reaches of your own inner space. John Lilly did it, so why not other equally intelligence and rigorous scientists? I continue to quote John when he said, "Science is the Yoga of the West, Yoga is the Science of the East".
Then at least between us Paul there is little to discuss. I only bash poor argument and false statements, some of which come from mystics, and others. This point I assume you will agree is fine. I will not give up rationalism for expediant openmindedness. But I do acknowledge that there would be many a scientist who have a very knee jerk response to mysticism, generally becuase it has been inappropriatley delivered to them. I have been influence by zen buddism only after talking about it with a theoretical physicist who has practised for several years. This allowed for rational debate about mysticism. That is all I ask, and from my little knowledge I think many of the early theological writings are far more rationalist than the modern protaginists. Whenever we discuss it I generally agree with what he states, and as an high energy particle physicist he should be a far greater materialist than me.
Posted by: biogadfly at April 27, 2005 05:53 PMThen there is also the idea of dangerous ideas. I like to use homeopathy as an example, because while allot of positive things can come out of it, and there is ALLOT of evidence to support it, it also sets up a way for extremely negative things to happen. If one tiny drop of oil gets put into the ocean and the ocean shifts it all around, would the water ratain a memory of that oil property and suddenly give rise to a large scale world-wide contamination of ghostly images of oil bringing in the effects from the oil into all of the sea life.
I always try and make it a point to try and look at things from many different angles on how techniques and technologies (physically and metaphysically) can be used and how it effects each other and everything else.
Posted by: Francis Scully at April 27, 2005 07:16 PMThe Erosion Of (Con)$ensus Reality:
Two words for scientific materialists (especially those like the toady Dick Dawkins, who make me ill with their 'rationality' talk - just like the people who talked in cool logical tones about building the atomic bomb) - John Mack.
John Mack has come to chew bubblegum, and kick your ontological ass. And he's all out of bubblegum.
Read "Passport To The Cosmos" - it really is the bleeding edge, my friends.
http://www.centerchange.org/passport/
That's what the high priests of ScienceTM are really worried about - that they, like their outmoded worldviews, are, and perhaps always were, seriously obsolete - and toxic to both humans and Gaia.
Basically, it boils up or down to the of the Observer and the Observed (ie. that we are a central part of the process of creating the multiverse we are observing.)
Now all the krazy cats on futurehi.net need to do is make the link between what Mack is talking about, and the psychedelic movement as discussed by McKenna..
Peace
Frank B
ps. The ghost of Terence McKenna currently resides in my hard drive. His message for today is "Boddee."
Posted by: Frank Blue at April 29, 2005 02:35 PM"It's been known that many great artists suffer from mental illness."
Mostly they suffer from the mental illness all around them.
"Does rationality have its limits when it comes to devising new theories and hypotheses?"
Certainly seems to. Kekule literally had to dream up the benzene ring.
"The artist, the scientist, the mystic, even so called crackpots each have something valid to say within certain contexts in the great quest to understand the grand mysteries of the cosmos."
Absolutely essential people. Scientists hate to admit it, but as Kuhn revealed, science benefits from paradigm-challengers. We know the world is very strange ... on every level. We can't hope to grasp increasingly more subtle details by holding onto what we've got as if there were some "final answer". We also can't afford to relax the standard of public agreement based in empiricism. How to be open-minded without being stupid is definitely the question.
Posted by: Tony at April 29, 2005 04:06 PM1) "..just like the people who talked in cool logical tones about building the atomic bomb"
Dear Frank you may not be a big fan of science but I'm sure you have heard of an ad hominen fallacy. Just because scientists were involved in the Manhattan project really means jack shit to what we are discussing here.
2)"That's what the high priests of ScienceTM are really worried about - that they, like their outmoded worldviews, are, and perhaps always were, seriously obsolete - and toxic to both humans and Gaia."
Science has it's zealots, yes. But I do not know one scientist who plots the materialist agenda, fearful the coming mystics assault. No scientists are worried. It's a tool and most scientists know this. There are some real pieces of shit in science but only the usual proportion that you find in all cultural groups. The days of the inquisition are gone, there are differences but scientists are could care less. A organic chemist could not give a shit about UFO or ESP etc... but if asked he is likely to be skeptical of their existence because he places importance on experimental evidence, which may be limiting but has thus far been unquestionable successful.
3)"It's been known that many great artists suffer from mental illness"
Much like the above. I think this is an empty example/point. A percentage of the population are talented and creative. A percentage of the population suffer a mental illness. Therefore some percentage of the population may be very creative and also suffer a mental illness. Now in many cases schizophrenics are creative in their ability to generate narrative and to be highly suggestable. But lets not use this as some example of the old "maybe we are the crazy ones" bullshit. I have worked with many different types of mentally ill patients, I'm a professional but some of these people are fucking nuts. So I would resist these arm chair theories.
4)"How to be open-minded without being stupid is definitely the question."
Strikes head of nail with hammer.
I agree with most of the comments, but the notion of some materialist agenda is a little to much of a conspiracy theory for me (made me think of Alex Jones).
Hey my Non Duality comment didn't come out (must of put it in arrow quotes.)
- Yes I've certainly head of the Ad Hominem fallacy (I just looked it up online) but what about the fallacy of discussing fallacies to deflect any and all criticism of science..
"But I do not know one scientist who plots the materialist agenda, fearful the coming mystics assault."
They don't need to plot anything - they live the dream. It's never done outright either - its all done with the smoke and mirrors of Officially Sanctioned scientific language. Hence the term "World View." You wouldn't be in a scientific position if you didn't already automatically agree with a fundamental set of assumptions about how the world is - and what lies firmly outside acceptable (scientific) boundaries of debate. I was simply making an quick 5c Institutional Analysis - suggesting that their world view itself is dangerous and obsolete.
Layman: You know, I sometimes wonder about science..
Scientist: I'm sorry your argument isn't scientifically valid because your not being scientific.
Layman: So I can only question science in a "scientific" manner - what about being outside the scientific paradigm?
Scientist: There's nothing that lies outside science - it's a complete world view which encompasses everything there is worth knowing about the world
Layman (walks off to smoke a fat joint and leaves scientist to his objectivity)
"There are some real pieces of shit in science but only the usual proportion that you find in all cultural groups."
- This is what's called an X-Files view. You can put the argument in terms of select individuals, but to criticise the System as a whole - that's a definite no-no. All you can say are "There are a few bad eggs in every basket" or some such cliche. That leaves you with a information output of zero - you have in fact said nothing about the system under study. What's the percentage of bad eggs - 50%?
"So I would resist these arm chair theories"
- I agree; considering all the people who post on boards like these are probably white middle class Wired Magazine readers with fast internet connections who look like they took the pepsi challenge seriously I think we're in a fantastic position to resist all arm chair theories - from the warm ontological comfort of our electronic edutainment consumer science lifestyles ;-)
"I have worked with many different types of mentally ill patients, I'm a professional"
- That would make an awesome t-shirt for a diehard scientific materialist. Or a bumper sticker on the SUV of a scientist going to a Peak Oil conference.
"Conspiracy theory" was mentioned. Oh dear. Question the ontological foundations of western science and out comes the old notion that its all one big conspiracy. Talk of conspiracy theory is merely a cheap device to limit the boundaries of a debate - in terms of what what's being discussed here on futurehi.net CT has nothing whatsoever to do with the validity of questioning Western Science as a whole.
This will thankfully be my last post as I something within me senses the utter uselessness of such 'debates' online. Meaning is destroyed by data. Give me an issue and I'll give you a tissue, etc.
Random quote from the famous urban poet Anon: "YOUR DEATH WILL BE LIKE SCIENCE FICTION."
See you all on the other side - which is this side (the alien overworld..)
Frank
Posted by: frank blue at May 3, 2005 04:04 PMI feel, as with similar debates, that we both use rational argument, but start with different predicates. And these predicates reflect personal preference and experience, ergo are not resolved through any dialectical. I don't come to FutureHi to refute mystics or to promote science. This thread is getting a bit long so I respect the conclusion of discussion.
thanks for the response
Posted by: biogadfly at May 3, 2005 09:05 PMi think that the scientific community has sold the same answer for long enough.the taxpayer is learning to ask a slightly different question now and as a result new answers must be forthcoming if funding is to continue.the presuppositions of newtonian mechanics are failing some of the enquiries that are forming thanks to accelerated media such as the internet and cable t.v.
the average person is learning to think about different concepts.superstrings are being discussed in the locker-room.bell`s theorum is coming up in conversation at starbucks.(faster than the speed of light.oooooh,the heresy)
this kind of change can make some scientists squirm.